Conventional frequency-sweep interferometry is unreliable for noncooperative or long-distance targets owing to scattering on the target surface. Hence, this paper proposes a laser frequency-swept carrier (LFSC) ranging method base

With the recent development of diversity electro-optic sampling (DEOS), significant progress has been made in the range of applicability of single-shot EOS measurements, allowing broadband THz waveforms to be captured in a single

Optical transfer delay (OTD) is essential for distributed coherent systems, optically controlled phased arrays, fiber sensing systems, and quantum communication systems. However, existing OTD measurement techniques typically invol

Ranging is indispensable in a variety of fields, encompassing basic science, manufacturing, production, and daily life. Although traditional methods based on the dispersive interferometry (DPI) in the frequency domain provide high

The optical Vernier effect has garnered significant research attention and found widespread applications in enhancing the measurement sensitivity of optical fiber interferometric sensors. Typically, Vernier sensor interrogation in

The transportable optical clock can be deployed in various transportation vehicles, including aviation, aerospace, maritime, and land-based vehicles; provides remote time standards for geophysical monitoring and distributed cohere

Broadband polarization measurement plays a crucial role in numerous fields, spanning from fundamental physics to a wide range of practical applications. However, traditional approaches typically rely on combinations of various dis

An exhaustive study of the noncontinuous-state laser dynamics associated with the transient optical process is significant because it reveals the complex physical mechanisms and characteristics in nonlinear laser systems. In this

Gyroscopes are crucial components of inertial navigation systems, with ongoing development emphasizing miniaturization and enhanced accuracy. The recent advances in chip-scale optical gyroscopes utilizing integrated optics have at

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) have enabled significant opportunities for high-precision frequency metrology and high-resolution broadband spectroscopy. Although nonlinear photonics chips have the capacity of frequency expansion f

In two-dimensional (2D) material studies, tracking the anisotropic ultrafast carrier dynamics is essential for the development of optoelectronic nano-devices. Conventionally, the anisotropic optical and electronic properties are i

The embedded ultra-precision displacement measurement is of great interest in developing high-end equipment as well as precision metrology. However, conventional interferometers only focus on measurement accuracy neglecting the se

Non-destructive and accurate inspection of gallium nitride light-emitting diode (GaN-LED) epitaxial wafers is important to GaN-LED technology. However, the conventional electroluminescence inspection, the photoluminescence inspect

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microlasers are highly sensitive to localized refractive index changes allowing to link their emission spectrum to various chemical, mechanical, or physical stimuli. Microlasers recently found applica

In recent years, terahertz (THz) technology has made significant progress in numerous applications; however, the highly sensitive, room-temperature THz detectors are still rare, which is one of the bottlenecks in THz research. In

The decomposition and identification of signals are crucial for flow vector acquisition in a multi-dimensional measurement. Here, we proposed a two-dimensional (2D) flow vector measurement system based on all-fiber laser feedback

Precise measurement of micro-dispersion for optical devices (optical fiber, lenses, etc.) holds paramount significance across domains such as optical fiber communication and dispersion interference ranging. However, due to its com

Future optical clock networks will require high-precision optical time-frequency transfer between satellites and ground stations. However, due to atmospheric turbulence, satellite motion and time delay between the satellite–ground

Rapid and long-range distance measurements are essential in various industrial and scientific applications, and among them, the dual-comb ranging system attracts great attention due to its high precision. However, the temporal asy

As the key of embedded displacement measurement, a fiber-optic micro-probe laser interferometer (FMI) is of great interest in developing high-end equipment as well as precision metrology. However, conventional phase-generated carr

In this paper, we present the experiment and the theory scheme of light-atom interaction in atomic magnetometers by using a hybrid Poincaré beam (HPB) to solve an annoying problem, named “dead zone.” This kind of magnetometer can

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators based on lithium tantalate (LT, LiTaO3) wafers are crucial elements of mobile communication filters. The use of intrinsic LT wafers typically brings about low fabrication accuracy of SAW reso

The optical frequency comb serves as a powerful tool for distance measurement by integrating numerous stable optical modes into interferometric measurements, enabling unprecedented absolute measurement precision. Nonetheless, due

The terahertz (THz) wave is at the intersection between photonics and electronics in the electromagnetic spectrum. Since the vibration mode of many biomedical molecules and the weak interaction mode inside the molecules fall in th

Optical frequency ratio measurement between optical atomic clocks is essential to precision measurement as well as the redefinition of the second. Currently, the statistical noise in frequency ratio measurement of most ion clocks

Arrays of optically levitated nanoparticles with fully tunable light-induced dipole–dipole interactions have emerged as a platform for fundamental research and sensing applications. However, previous experiments utilized two optic

An imperfect propagation environment or optical system would introduce wavefront aberrations to vortex beams. The phase aberrations and orbital angular momentum in a vortex beam are proved to be mutually restrictive in parameter m

A Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) can be used for distributed birefringence measurement in optical fibers, offering high sensitivity and spatial resolution for sensing applications. However, it is quite a challenge to simultaneous

Structured light with more extended degrees of freedom (DoFs) and in higher dimensions is increasingly gaining traction and leading to breakthroughs such as super-resolution imaging, larger-capacity communication, and ultraprecise

Flat optics has been considered promising for constructions of spaceborne imaging systems with apertures in excess of 10 m. Despite recent advances, there are long-existing challenges to perform in-phase stitching of multiple flat

For improving the performance of optical frequency dissemination and the resolution of its out-of-loop (OOL) characterization, we investigate a compact free-space interferometer design in which a monolithic assembly forms the refe

Recently, optical computing has emerged as a potential solution to computationally heavy convolution, aiming at accelerating various large science and engineering tasks. Based on optical multi-imaging–casting architecture, we prop

The nanomechanical resonator based on a levitated particle exhibits unique advantages in the development of ultrasensitive electric field detectors. We demonstrate a three-dimensional, high-sensitivity electric field measurement t

To further advance nanomaterial applications and reduce waste production during synthesis, greener and sustainable production methods are necessary. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is a green technique that enables the synt

The time-delay problem, which is introduced by the response time of hardware for correction, is a critical and non-ignorable problem of adaptive optics (AO) systems. It will result in significant wavefront correction errors while

Nanophotonic waveguides hold great promise to achieve chip-scale gas sensors. However, their performance is limited by a short light path and small light–analyte overlap. To address this challenge, silicon-based, slow-light-enhanc

The spectral domain interferometer (SDI) has been widely used in dimensional metrology. Depending on the nature of the SDI, both wider spectral bandwidth and narrower linewidth of the light source are paradoxically required to ach

In this work, a novel ultrafast optoelectronic proximity sensor based on a submillimeter-sized GaN monolithic chip is presented. Fabricated through wafer-scale microfabrication processes, the on-chip units adopting identical InGaN

One of the pressing issues for optical neural networks (ONNs) is the performance degradation introduced by parameter uncertainties in practical optical components. Hereby, we propose a novel two-step ex situ training scheme to con

Fast transient events, such as the disintegration of liquid bodies or chemical reactions between radical species, involve various processes that may occur at different time scales. Currently, there are two alternatives for monitor

This paper presents a novel design for single-shot terahertz polarization detection based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Its validity has been confirmed by comparing its detection results with those of the THz co

Distributed optical fiber sensing exploring forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) has received wide attention, as it indicates a new sensing method to measure the liquid property surrounding an optical fiber. In the exist

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is widely used in optical three-dimensional (3D) measurements because of its high stability. In FPP, fringe distortion is an inevitable and highly complex systematic error that significantly re

Tracing a resonance frequency of a high quality factor (Q) optical cavity facilitates subpicometer displacement measurements of the optical cavity via Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) locking scheme, tightly synchronizing a laser frequency

We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, regenerated polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (RPOFBGs) in ZEONEX-based polymer optical fibers (POFs). The regeneration temperature can be adjusted using a heat treatm

Optoelectronic tweezer (OET) is a useful optical micromanipulation technology that has been demonstrated for various applications in electrical engineering and most notably cell selection for biomedical engineering. In this work,

The miniaturization of the gyroscope is critical for spacecrafts, drones, wellbore surveys, etc. The resonant fiber-optic gyroscope (RFOG) is a competitive candidate due to its potential in both miniaturization and high resolution

This paper presents quantitative measurements facilitated with a new optical system that implements a single-shot three-input phase retrieval algorithm. The new system allows simultaneous acquisition of three distinct input patter

Using a fiber network as a huge sensing system will enrich monitoring methods of public infrastructures and geological disasters. With the traditional cross-correlation method, a laser interferometer has been used to detect and lo

Helical structures exhibit novel optical and mechanical properties and are commonly used in different fields such as metamaterials and microfluidics. A few methods exist for fabricating helical microstructures, but none of them ha

Exploring high sensitivity on the measurement of angular rotations is an outstanding challenge in optics and metrology. In this work, we employ the mn-order Hermite–Gaussian (HG) beam in the weak measurement scheme with an angular

Strain rate is an important basic physical parameter in the fields of deformation observation, geodetic measurement, and geophysical monitoring. This paper proposes a novel fiber optic strain rate sensor (FOSRS) that can directly

Among many multi-dimensional information sensing methods such as structured-light and single-pixel imaging technologies, sinusoidal fringe generation is general and crucial. Current methods of sinusoidal fringe generation force co

We reveal the mechanism of the noncoaxial rotational Doppler effect (RDE) of an optical vortex and report its application in discriminating the orientation of the rotating axis of the rotating body. In most cases of the RDE-based

Luminescence thermometry can perform noninvasive thermal sensing with high spatial resolution and fast response, emerging as an exciting field of research due to its promising applications in biomedicine. Nevertheless, because of

Although optical tweezers can manipulate tiny particles, the distortion caused by the scattering medium restricts their application. Wavefront-shaping techniques such as the transmission matrix (TM) method are powerful tools to ac

We propose a precision phase-generated-carrier (PGC) demodulation method with sub-nanometer resolution that avoids nonlinear errors in a laser wavelength sinusoidal modulation fiber-optic interferometer for long range dynamic disp

Real-time spectrum sensing is essential to enable dynamic and rapid spectrum sharing of unused frequencies to cater the substantial demands of new wireless services deploying the existing RF bands. In this paper, we present a nove

Photonic brain-inspired platforms are emerging as novel analog computing devices, enabling fast and energy-efficient operations for machine learning. These artificial neural networks generally require tailored optical elements, su

Chronic wounds affect around 2% of the world population with an annual multi-billion dollar cost to the healthcare system. This background pushes the development of new therapies and procedures for wound healing and its assessment

Precise and fast determination of position and orientation, which is normally achieved by distance and angle measurements, has broad applications in academia and industry. We propose a dynamic three-degree-of-freedom measurement t

Optical imaging through or inside scattering media, such as multimode fiber and biological tissues, has a significant impact in biomedicine yet is considered challenging due to the strong scattering nature of light. In the past de

Optical clocks with an unprecedented accuracy of 10-18 promise innovations in precision spectroscopy and measurement. To harness the full power of optical clocks, we need optical frequency synthesizers (OFSs) to accurately convert

Dispersion engineering and measurement are significant for nonlinear photonic applications using whispering gallery mode microresonators. Specifically, the Kerr microresonator frequency comb as an important example has attracted a

The Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm, which retrieves phase information from the measured intensities on two related planes (the source plane and the target plane), has been widely adopted in a variety of applications when holograp

Confocal Raman microscopy is currently used for label-free optical sensing and imaging within the biological, engineering, and physical sciences as well as in industry. However, currently these methods have limitations, including

Particle nanotracking (PNT) is highly desirable in lab-on-a-chip systems for flexible and convenient multiparameter measurement. An ultrathin flat lens is the preferred imaging device in such a system, with the advantage of high f

Fringe projection profilometry has been increasingly sought and applied in dynamic three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. In this work, a robust, high-efficiency 3D measurement based on Gray-coded light is proposed. Unlike the

Distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensors detect the temperature and strain along a fiber according to the local Brillouin frequency shift (BFS), which is usually calculated by the measured Brillouin spectrum using Lorentzian cu

Laser-based light detection and ranging (lidar) plays a significant role in both scientific and industrial areas. However, it is difficult for existing lidars to achieve high speed, high precision, and long distance simultaneously

This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in micro-additive manufacturing enabled by novel optical methods with an emphasis on photopolymerization-based printing processes. Additive manufacturing, also known as

We introduce a spectrally resolved Young’s interferometer based on a digital micromirror device, a grating spectrometer, and a set of polarization-modulation elements to measure the spectral coherence (two-point) Stokes parameters

Photonics-based radar with a photonic de-chirp receiver has the advantages of broadband operation and real-time signal processing, but it suffers from interference from image frequencies and other undesired frequency-mixing compon